Operational Guidelines

For Drivers

Transportation Coordinator:                       Office:            1-844-676-5667

                                                                        TTY:                1-800-735-2900

Dispatch:                                                       Office:            1-844-676-5667

                                                                        TTY:                1-800-735-2900

Fire, Police, Ambulance:                              911

OUR DRIVERS

Volunteers and employees are not a luxury, but rather a necessity to Morrow County Transportation and our passengers.  Without you, our program could not function.  The beauty of the work you perform is that it involves a two-way relationship.  People who are need of transportation are provided with essential services, and just as importantly, are shown that there are people they can turn to in time of need.

Drivers, in return, receive the gratification of giving and the satisfaction of immediately seeing the beneficial results of their work.  Most of all, you who offer your time and skills know that your individual efforts are greatly appreciated.  Your only thanks may be a smile, a squeeze of the hand or simply the knowledge that the time you have invested in our communities has made life easier and richer for our citizens.  Drivers are the heart and soul of the program.

When you drive a The Loop Morrow County Transportation vehicle you are responsible for all passengers.  You are also our ambassador to and for Morrow County.  The Loop Morrow County Transportation Drivers are noted for their positive attitude and their ability to get the job done well.  You bring your expertise, your enthusiasm and your patience.  You share your wisdom and when we call, you give us your best.

USING THIS MANUAL

“Working with the public” can be both stressful and highly rewarding The Loop Morrow County Transportation Drivers are expected to provide high quality, professional service to our passengers.  The “mark” of a professional is his or her ability to remain patient and friendly to all passengers in all situations.

The Loop Morrow County Transportation attempts to provide Drivers with every possible advantage to make their driving experience both pleasant and productive. New Drivers are personally trained, both one-on-one and in groups.

This section of the manual is meant to be a resource for Drivers.  It is designated to help volunteers and staff to remember the procedures and operation guidelines that will make them successful in the program.  The Loop Morrow County Transportation has tried to make the manual as “user friendly” as possible, but as you read through it you may find parts that are unclear to you.  If this happens, ask the Transportation Coordinator for an explanation of the policy or guideline.

When you are driving, there will be times when you come across conditions that were not covered in your training or in the manual.  In these situations, we count on our Drivers to use their “Best Judgment” in choosing a safe course of action.  It is very appropriate to discuss these situations with your Transportation Coordinator so we can make note of them in future revisions of our guidelines, policies, this manual and training.  Drivers are the best source of information about how the service is working in the county and we encourage you to share your ideas regarding how the program can be improved.

PROGRAM SAFETY POLICY

Safety is the overriding policy of The Loop Morrow County Transportation and shall take priority over all operational policies.  All The Loop Morrow County Transportation vehicles, equipment and facilities shall be maintained at a level sufficient to ensure safe operations at all times.  Drivers who transport The Loop Morrow County Transportation passengers are held to the highest degree of responsibility for the safety and well-being of their passengers, not only by The Loop Morrow County Transportation but also by the courts.  Each vehicle operator must consider the safety of the passengers and the general public to be their first priority.

Drivers will take no action which would deliberately endanger passengers, themselves, or the public at large.  All volunteers or employees will take every reasonable precaution to avoid injury to themselves or others.  Volunteers or employees shall never be required to work under physical or mental conditions which would impair their ability.

KNOWLEDGE OF GUIDELINES

The Loop Morrow County Transportation Drivers shall be familiar with and follow these guidelines and policies.  If in doubt as to their meaning, ask the Transportation Coordinator for an explanation.

DRIVER LICENSING

Applicants for driving positions must be 21 years old or older and possess and maintain a valid Oregon Driver’s License.  Any change in the status of that license must be reported immediately to the Transportation Coordinator.  Any citations, tickets, convictions of traffic violations, or accidents must also be reported to the Transportation Coordinator.  Applicants may be required to pass a physical examination with a drug screen and will be required to undergo a criminal record check.  A copy of the past five years driving record will be requested from the Department of Motor Vehicles.  Any deliberate misrepresentation on The Loop Morrow County Transportation Drivers Application will effectively eliminate that application from consideration for a driving position.  A CDL endorsement may be a requirement as needed.

Drivers will also be required to sign a Code of Conduct for Drivers.

At the time of acceptance for a driving position and during the term of volunteer or employed driving, applicants may have no more than 4 points on their personal and/or employment motor vehicles driving record on file with the Department of Motor Vehicles. This means:

One point for each moving traffic violations during the past three years, two points for each chargeable accident (conviction).
Three accidents of any kind within a three-year period may be cause for rejection or termination.3
Serious violations of careless or reckless driving, or driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs are cause for applicant’s rejection or termination.  Driving, while uninsured or suspended, leaving the scene of an accident or misrepresenting facts on an employment application is cause for rejection or termination of employment or volunteer services.
Convictions for the crimes of theft, burglary, crimes with intent against a person, or crimes involving illegal substances and/or alcohol are all cause for rejection or termination of employment or volunteer services.

TRAINING REQUIREMENT

New Drivers are given a Passenger Service and Driver’s Guideline Manual and given orientation on the program and policies.  All The Loop Morrow County Transportation Drivers will be required to attend RTAP Training and complete the following training: Defensive Driving, First Aid and CPR, Blood Borne Pathogens, and Passenger Assistance.  Other training maybe assigned at any time.

Drivers will also be required to have current First Aid and CPR cards. New Drivers will take the required courses within six months of the start of driving.  Upon acceptance as a Driver with The Loop Morrow County Transportation program, the operational guidelines will be explained by the Transportation Coordinator, and a “Senior Driver” will demonstrate passenger service in a number of different situations to ensure that the new Driver has the best opportunity to become a successful member of The Loop Morrow County Transportation program.

Vehicle Orientation: In-house vehicle orientation training will be conducted, which includes proper use of equipment features, pre, and post-trip inspections, reporting vehicle defects, vehicle maintenance schedules, emergency procedures, passenger loading, and unloading, and wheelchair securements.

Passenger Assistance: Passenger Assistance training workshop includes classroom lecture, discussion, and a hands-on practice applying classroom knowledge to practical situations.  This program covers characteristics of major disabling conditions, assisting devices, vehicle boarding procedures, vehicle operations, and emergency procedures.

Defensive Driving: A certified Defensive Driving course shall be completed.  Videos, workbooks, and lectures are used as well as driving instructions.  Discussions include a variety of hazardous conditions that demand alert and skillful action.

On the Road Training: When a new Driver is trained, they go on the road with a Driver/Trainer who teaches the basics of defensive driving and vehicle handling.  The new Driver also learns proper loading and unloading procedures, proper securement and restraint procedures, reporting requirements, and service area characteristics.

First Aid and CPR: First Aid & CPR training course shall be completed unless the Driver already has current cards.

Refresher Training: All Drivers will receive refresher training every two years in the areas of Defensive Driving, First Aid and CPR, Blood Borne Pathogens, and Passenger Assistance.  Drivers are periodically required to attend Driver’s information and/or safety meetings.  Any Driver that has a preventable accident can be required to take retraining as the Transportation Coordinator deems necessary.

Drivers involved in a situation that is not covered by written guidelines or in the verbal instructions of the Transportation Coordinator or the Dispatcher must use good judgment in selecting a safe course of action.  Drivers must report the action taken to the Transportation Coordinator as soon as possible.

DRUG/ALCOHOL POLICY

Goals: The Loop Morrow County Transportation, herein after referred to as “The Loop” or “Loop”, is dedicated to providing safe, dependable, and economical transportation services to our transit system passengers. The Loop employees are our most valuable resource and it is our goal to provide a healthy, satisfying working environment which promotes personal opportunities for growth as well as protecting the health and safety of the public. The Loop has adopted a, "Zero Tolerance in the Work Place" policy for drug and alcohol use.

In meeting these goals, it is our policy to: (1) assure that employees are not impaired in their ability to perform assigned duties in a safe, productive, healthy manner; (2) create a workplace environment free from the adverse effects of drug abuse and alcohol misuse; (3) prohibit the unlawful manufacture, distribution, dispensing, possession, or use of controlled substances; and (4) to encourage employees to seek professional assistance anytime personal problems, including alcohol or drug dependency, adversely affect their ability to perform their assigned duties.

Purpose: The purpose of this policy is to assure worker fitness for duty and to protect our employees, passengers, and the public from the risks posed by the misuse of alcohol and use of prohibited drugs. This policy is also intended to comply with all applicable Federal regulations governing workplace anti-drug and alcohol programs in the transit industry. The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation has published 49 CFR Part 655, as amended, that mandate urine drug testing and breath alcohol testing for safety-sensitive positions and prohibits performance of safety-sensitive functions when there is a positive test result or refusal to test. The U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) has also published 49 CFR Part 40, as amended, that set standards for the collection and testing of urine and breath specimens. Copies of Parts 655 and 40 are available in the drug and alcohol program manager’s office and can be found on the internet at the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Drug and Alcohol Program website

http://transit-safety.fta.dot.gov/DrugAndAlcohol/.

In addition, the Federal government published 49 CFR Part 29, "The Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988", which requires the establishment of drug-free workplace policies and the reporting of certain drug-related offenses to the FTA. This policy incorporates those requirements for employees and others when so noted.

CELL PHONE POLICY

We deeply value the safety and well-being of all passengers, volunteers, and employees. Due to the increasing number of accidents resulting from the use of cell phones while driving, the following policy has been instituted.

Drivers are not permitted to use a cell phone, either handheld or hands-free, while operating a The Loop Morrow County Transportation vehicle.
Drivers are not permitted to read or respond to e-mails or text messages while operating a The Loop Morrow County Transportation motor vehicle
This policy also applies to the use of PDAs. 
While driving, calls cannot be answered and must be directed to voice mail.
If a Driver must make an emergency call (911), the vehicle should first be parked in a safe location.

FINANCIAL

Each vehicle will have an assigned a fuel credit card.  The credit cards will be used only for operational emergencies and for the needs of transit vehicles.  Examples of authorized purchases include fuel, maintenance, and tires as scheduled or authorized in advance by The Loop Morrow County Transportation Coordinator, towing, and minor repairs due to flat tires or other breakdowns.  For other needs, the use must first be approved by The Loop Morrow County Transportation Coordinator.

All credit card receipts need to be attached to the trip sheet when it is turned into the Transportation office upon completion of the trip.

Credit cards are not to be used for personal purchases.  See The Loop Morrow County Transportation Program Credit Card Usage Policy at the back of this manual. 

Morrow County Transportation will not be applying for scholarships due to the fact that they do not have sufficient accounting practices to ensure there is no double billing. As per RLS review.

DISABLED PARKING PERMITS

Disabled Parking Permits are available in all The Loop Morrow County Transportation vehicles.  They can be used when parking to load or unload (or wait for) a passenger.  Drivers may not, in any case, make personal use of the permits or use them for when not with a passenger.  Disabled Parking Permits do not allow a vehicle to be parked in a No Parking Zone.

THEFT, FIGHTING, GROSS NEGLIGENCE

Drivers who commit theft of program funds, equipment, and/or services are subject to immediate termination of services.

Drivers who, through the discharge of their duties, are found to be grossly negligent in regards to the safety and well-being of themselves, customers, program equipment, and/or the general public are subject to immediate termination of services.

Drivers who engage in assault or physical confrontations while on duty or in any way molest or mistreat customers, fellow Drivers, or the general public are subject to immediate termination of services.

Drivers who have their driver’s license suspended or revoked for any reason are subject to immediate termination of services.

Drivers who violate the policy of confidentiality are subject to termination of services.

DRIVER RESPONSIBILITY AND WORK RULES

The Loop Morrow County Transportation Drivers often know and/or become familiar with the passengers they transport.  While it is appropriate to establish a friendly relationship with our passengers in order to communicate with them, at times, this closeness can lead to “Conflicts of Interest” and/or “Confidentiality Problems.”

“Conflicts of Interest” occur when Drivers make personal arrangements with passengers for transportation or other services outside of the scope of their duties as a Driver.  Such arrangements are strictly prohibited and can lead to serious liability problems for the Driver and The Loop Morrow County Transportation, with possible disciplinary action.

This is especially true where passengers offer money for the services of a Driver.  Volunteer Drivers or paid employees must not accept payment of any kind, monetary or in-kind services, from passengers or their relatives, agency workers, or associates while working for The Loop Morrow County Transportation.

If a passenger wishes to donate funds to The Loop Morrow County Transportation, they may do so by contacting the Transportation Coordinator or Dispatcher directly or giving it to the Driver to turn in to The Loop Morrow County Transportation Coordinator or Dispatcher as a donation to the transportation program the day the donation is made.

It is also inappropriate for Drivers to attempt to persuade passengers to participate or join in any activity other than the transportation services.  For example, asking a passenger to join a Drivers’ church group or to buy products from the Driver is strictly forbidden.

“Confidentiality” problems occur when a Driver repeats information received from passengers, especially children, to persons other than the Transportation Coordinator. A breach of confidentiality occurs when information is passed purposely or accidentally to anyone who does not have a business need to know.  Such breach of confidentiality is strictly prohibited.  Many times a passenger will confide in a trusted Driver and it is tempting to relate this information to other Drivers, family, or friends.  This must not occur and is grounds for immediate termination of Driver services.

However, if a passenger relates information that indicates they are being abused by family, group home personnel, or agency workers, it is very appropriate and required that this information be related to the Transportation Coordinator and/or turned into the proper authorities.

SMOKING IN THE VEHICLE

No smoking is allowed in any vehicle by passengers or Drivers.  This rule applies to all The Loop Morrow County Transportation staff and volunteers and is in effect prior to beginning service and after the vehicle is out of service as well as during service.  Many passengers are quite allergic to the residue of cigarette smoke, which can linger in a vehicle for 72 hours after the smoker has left.

SEAT BELTS

All The Loop Morrow County Transportation operators and passengers are required to wear seat belts or the appropriate restraint (i.e., child safety seat) at all times when they are in a vehicle.  It is the Driver’s responsibility to ensure that they and all our passengers abide by The Loop Morrow County Transportation’s seat belt policy.  A ride may be denied if a passenger refuses to use the proper restraints and/or securement systems, including the seat belt, unless they show the Driver an Oregon DMV Medical Exemption.

Oregon State law requires that all children must ride in a federally approved car seat until they weigh at least 40 pounds. Infants must ride in rear-facing car seats until they reach two years of age. Effective July 1, 2007, a new Oregon law further required that children use a booster seat until they are 4'9" tall unless they are at least eight years old. Oregon strongly recommends that children under age 12 ride in a rear seat. All Oregon passengers and Drivers are required to wear a seat belt.

The Loop Morrow County Transportation does not provide the child safety seat.  Drivers do not install the seats.  It is up to the parent or escort riding with the child to provide the safety seat and do the installation.  If no seat is installed, the Driver can deny the ride.  The Driver will notify The Loop Morrow County Transportation Coordinator or Dispatcher before denying the ride.  If it is not possible for the prior notification, the Driver will relay the notification as soon as they can.

PERSONAL CARE ATTENDANT (PCA)

A Personal Care Attendant (PCA or sometimes called an escort) is used when a person needs additional assistance getting their packages or belongings in or out of a vehicle and into their destination.  A PCA is also used if a person needs additional assistance while traveling.  Drivers can provide a basic level of assistance, but if a person needs more than that, they need to have a PCA.  Passengers are responsible for supplying their own PCA.  PCA’s ride free of charge and do not have to be the same person for every trip.  The PCA must travel to the same origin and destination as the person who is requesting the ride.  If a Driver is concerned a passenger requires a PCA, the Driver should call the Transportation Office and share the information with the Transportation Coordinator.

SERVICE ANIMALS

The ADA defines a service animal as any guide dog, signal dog, or other animal individually trained to provide assistance to an individual with a disability.  If they meet this definition, they are considered service animals under the ADA.  Emotional support animals are not considered service animals under ADA but may be allowed if prior arrangements and/or documentation are provided.

Service animals perform some of the functions and tasks that the individual with a disability cannot perform.  Some examples include:

Seeing Eye Dogs
Alerting Persons with Hearing Impairments to Sounds
Pulling Wheelchairs or Carrying & Picking Up Things for Persons with Mobility Impairments
Assisting Persons with Mobility Impairments with Balance
Seizure Response/Alert Animals That Alert Individual with Seizure Disorders to Oncoming Seizures and/or Help the Individual During and Following the Seizure

The type of service the animal provides is not open to scrutiny or evaluation by the Driver. 

These questions may not be asked if the need for the service animal is obvious (e.g., the dog is guiding an individual who is blind or is pulling a person’s wheelchair). The Driver may not ask about the nature or extent of an individual’s disability or require documentation, such as proof that the animal has been certified, trained or licensed as a service animal, or require the animal to wear an identifying vest.

Once it has been established that the animal is a service animal to a person with disabilities, you may not continue questioning the person each time they board the vehicle with their animal.

A service animal may only be excluded when the animal poses a direct threat to others (for example, if it displays vicious behavior towards other passengers or the Driver) or is not house-broken.  When there is a legitimate reason to ask that a service animal be removed, Drivers must offer the person with the disability the opportunity to ride without the animal’s presence.

In most instances, The Loop Morrow County Transportation Coordinator or Dispatcher will be able to give you information of the presence of a service animal when the trip is booked.

PASSENGERS IN HOT AND COLD WEATHER

Drivers need to constantly assess the physical condition of passengers in cold AND hot weather.  Some elderly and disabled customers may become incoherent and listless.  These are signs of hypothermia or heat stroke and should be reported immediately; medical attention should also be sought if these symptoms appear.

If weather conditions deteriorate during a trip, the Driver is responsible for safely returning the passengers to their homes.  A Driver may decline to pick up passengers if weather conditions are such that a safe trip will be in doubt.

In such a case, the Driver should contact the Transportation Coordinator or Dispatcher so that he/she can call the other passengers and cancel trips.

CUSTOMER RELATIONS AND DRIVER SENSITIVITY

As a Driver, you will meet and serve a great variety of people.  Many have some kind of disability or behavioral differences.  The following information is meant to help you to understand these differences.  If you are in doubt as to how to help them, ask how you may be of service.

Mentally Disabled Passenger:

When dealing with passengers who have lost some part of their mental functions, the following points should be kept in mind.

They have a reduced ability to understand directions.
They frequently suffer from a lack of orientation, such as not knowing the time or where they are.
They have problems controlling their emotions and can become excited or agitated.
Often normal rules and routing of transportation are difficult for them to learn and remember.

When communicating with a person with a mental impairment, remember:

Speak in clear, simple, concise, positive, and short statements.
Repeat instructions frequently and exactly.
Be patient.  It demonstrates PROFESSIONALISM.
Be firm, even if they insist on wanting to do something that will endanger you, them, or the other passengers.

Handling Passengers in Pain:

Many elderly and/or persons with disabilities must live with pain on a daily basis.  Even with medication, some persons still experience considerable pain.  Since people in pain may be difficult to deal with, you must be very patient with them.  A comfortable ride can greatly improve a passenger’s attitude.  For example, passengers with arthritis can receive considerable pain every time the vehicle hits a bump or pothole at a higher than necessary speed.  Since some road bumps cannot be avoided, you should at least slow down before hitting them.  Sometimes arthritic passengers can minimize the effect of road bumps by avoiding seats over axles and carefully selecting seats close to the middle of the vehicle.

Deaf/Hearing Impaired Passenger:

There are over 14,000,000 people in the United States that suffer from deafness or a significant hearing loss.  While some passengers rely on hearing aids, you should remember that hearing aids amplify all noises, not just voices.  Most deaf or hearing impaired passengers will communicate by lip-reading with an oral response or by use of hand signs and finger spelling.

When communicating with deaf passengers that read lips, you should:

Look directly at them so they can see your lips.
Talk normally, and do not exaggerate your speech or lip movements.  (Note – accents, such as drawls, do not normally affect lip reading.)
Speak with moderate speed, don’t rush your words.
Be prepared to repeat yourself.  Even expert lip readers will only understand about 75 percent of what you say the first time.
Get another person to talk to them if he/she can’t read your lips.

When communicating with persons using hand signals, or finger signals, and finger spelling, you should:

Remember that it takes practice to become skillful in using hand signals and finger spelling.
Use a pad and pencil when necessary.
Keep your messages as clear and simple as necessary.
Remember that not all deaf persons can speak well.  If they have been deaf from birth, they will usually speak in a flat and nasal tone.
Never shout at a totally deaf person.  They can’t hear you!

Speech Impaired Passenger:

There are many different reasons for speech impairment or total loss of speech, including cancer and stroke.  When possible, keep a pad and pencil available for those with speech impairments.  Some techniques for dealing with passengers with speech impairments are:

Do not lead them to believe that you understand what they said if, in reality, you do not understand.
If you think you understood what they said, repeat it so they can either confirm or deny what was said.
Persons with speech impairments are used to not being understood, so don’t hesitate to ask them to repeat the part you don’t understand.  They will appreciate your willingness to try to understand.
Be patient with them.  Almost any type of speech impairment will become aggravated if the person gets frustrated or uncomfortable.

Blind and Visually Impaired Passenger:

There are about 1.5 million legally blind persons and over 5 million visually impaired persons in the United States.  Persons considered to be legally blind may carry one of two types of white canes.  The white canes are generally not used as support but assist the blind in feeling their way.  One cane is a rigid type, while the other kind folds up for storage while the passenger is seated.  Some simple but important techniques to use with blind and sight-impaired passengers are:

When picking them up, use your horn to announce your arrival at the pickup point.
If you must escort or lead the passenger to the vehicle, you should:

Tell them who you are and what you intend to do.  Do not touch them until given permission.  If in doubt, ask!
Remain on the side opposite of the white cane and have them hold your arm.  Let them hold your arm instead of you holding theirs.
Have them walk next to you and lead them by about half a step or half a pace.  This way, if you forget to tell them the direction of travel or distance up or down (such as 6 inches, 8 inches, etc.), they will still be able to follow your lead by holding your arm.
If you must escort them through a narrow space, tell them ahead of time and drop your arm so that they can walk almost directly behind.
Call out all turns or other maneuvers well in advance, at least 20 feet.
Be sure to advise them of any changes, such as hard ground to soft ground or small steps to large steps.
Be absolutely sure that the stop command will be immediately obeyed by the blind person.  You may not have time to explain the potential hazard before giving the stop command.
Before boarding the vehicle with a person who is blind, take their hand and show them the top, bottom, and sides of the door opening as well as the seat and any possible hazards between the door and seat.
If it is necessary to store a cane that cannot be folded, tell the person before you touch the cane and explain what you are going to do and why.
If the blind passenger uses a guide dog, it may be helpful for you to learn the name of the dog for future reference.  While most guide dogs usually have a gentle nature, you should still avoid any sudden or abrupt movements toward the dog or the passenger.  Let the passenger handle the guide dog.
When possible, a person who is visually impaired should be seated against the vehicle walls or in seats with arm rests.  This helps them avoid falls during sudden vehicle movements, such as emergency braking or swerving of the vehicle.
Since most blind people usually have an exceptional sense of hearing, it is not necessary to shout when communicating with them.  When possible, advise blind or visually impaired passengers about upcoming road problems such as potholes or railroad tracks.

Passengers with Epilepsy:

While most persons with epilepsy are born with it, it can be acquired as the result of a head injury.  As a vehicle operator, you need to understand what happens to epileptics if they have a seizure.  There are basically three kinds of seizures you are apt to encounter as an operator.  They are:

Psychomotor Seizure - This is characterized by seemingly inappropriate or meaningless behavior.  It can last anywhere from 2-5 minutes and may occur once a week, a month, or yearly.  The person suffering the seizure will not remember the episode.

Petit Mal Seizure - This is simply a staring spell similar to daydreaming and usually lasts only a few seconds or less than a minute.  These can happen hourly.  This seizure may also be followed by a grand mal seizure.

Grand Mal Seizure - This seizure is characterized by a full-body spasm or convulsion.  It involves violent shaking of the entire body along with temporary unconsciousness, both lasting from 2-5 minutes.  They can occur several times a day or as infrequently as once a year or longer.

Sometimes, a person with epilepsy will experience what is called an aura which is generally followed by the seizure.  The seizure can also be triggered by such things as heat, fatigue or flickering, or flashing lights.  This seizure has the greatest potential for injury to the epileptic and could present a problem for the Driver.  The Epilepsy Foundation of American makes the following recommendations for dealing with grand mal seizures:

Keep calm and reassure other people who may be nearby.
Don't hold the person down or try to stop his/her movements.
Time the seizure with your watch.
Clear the area around the person of anything hard or sharp.
Loosen ties or anything around the neck that may make breathing difficult.
Put something flat and soft, like a folded jacket, under the head.
Turn him or her gently onto one side. This will help keep the airway clear.
Do not try to force the mouth open with any hard implement or with fingers. A person having a seizure CANNOT swallow his tongue. Efforts to hold the tongue down can injure teeth or jaw.
Don't attempt artificial respiration except in the unlikely event that a person does not start breathing again after the seizure has stopped.
Stay with the person until the seizure ends naturally.
Be friendly and reassuring as consciousness returns.

Generally, there is no need to call for medical assistance unless the seizure is immediately followed by another or the seizure lasts more than 5 minutes.  If the seizure lasts longer than this, call 911 immediately.  Remember, the person has expended a lot of energy during the seizure and may need to rest.

Autistic Passenger:

Sometimes autism is present in people with developmental disabilities, but many autistic individuals demonstrate behavioral characteristics that indicate they are quite bright.  Following are some things to keep in mind when transporting autistic passengers:

They may appear withdrawn and may sit for hours making rocking motions, waving hands, or spinning around.
They will generally avoid contact with persons or animals, preferring to remain withdrawn.
They may be slow in developing their speech and will have a tendency to repeat what others say.
They are attracted to objects and prefer to have everything orderly.  They do not like to be interrupted in a task or to have their environment disturbed.  If interrupted, they may appear frightened or begin screaming.
When possible, always put them in the same seat trip after trip and attempt to stabilize their environment as much as possible.

Understanding Loss of Mobility:

One of the reasons a passenger uses a wheelchair and other personal assistance devices are because they suffer from a loss of mobility.  Some of the things that cause a loss of mobility are:

Spinal Cord Damage – This can occur from a birth defect, disease, or accident.  If the accident damages the spinal cord below the neck, paralysis of the legs is the result.  This is called paraplegia.  If the injury is in the neck, both the arms and the legs may be paralyzed.  This is called quadriplegia.
Brain Damage – This type of damage can be caused by head injuries or stroke.  Paralysis from brain damage can often result in paralysis to one side of the body, also known as hemiplegia.  Hemiplegics may require assistance in movement.  Assistance should be rendered from the unaffected side.  Even though one side of the body may be paralyzed, the hemiplegic may still have feeling left on the affected side.
Loss of Muscle Control – This type of loss can be either the result of head/spinal injury or the result of multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, or cerebral palsy.
Damage to Joints – Loss of mobility due to this kind of damage is most commonly caused by rheumatic diseases such as arthritis.  Of the over 30 million Americans afflicted with arthritis, a quarter of a million are children.  There are 70 or more different types of rheumatic diseases.

Passengers with Personal Assistance Devices:

Since many passengers in our rural transit system use personal assistance devices, there are some things about the passengers and their assistive devices that you should consider:

Crutches – There are underarm, forearm, and full arm crutches.  Underarm crutches are usually constructed of wood or aluminum and are generally used for temporary disablement, such as sprains and fractures.  Usually, if the disablement is more of a permanent nature, the crutch will be made of metal and designed to aid or completely support the user.  Passengers who use crutches will usually have difficulty in achieving and maintaining their balance in standing and walking.  Never attempt to assist passengers with crutches unless you advise them first.  Remember, balance is already a problem for them, and if you approach them unannounced, you could cause them to fall.
Canes – Passengers use canes for two purposes.  Most canes are used to assist the passenger in standing and walking.   However, white canes are used by the blind as “feelers” and generally not relied upon as a means of physical support.  Canes and other personal assistive devices should be stored so that they do not interfere with any movement inside the vehicle.  Passengers who use canes for balance usually require minimal assistance from the Driver.  If you find it necessary to assist such a passenger, do so from the side opposite the cane. 
Walkers – Walkers tend to provide a more stable base than crutches or canes and are usually necessary for the person to move about.  Most walkers collapse easily for storage.  Passengers using walkers may have a tendency to fall backward and may need assistance in sitting down or standing up.  They may also need to use the ramp or lift in boarding the vehicle.
Remember to stow all devices, so they do not become a projectile during heavy braking or a “tripping” hazard for another passenger.
 Always ask the passenger for permission to assist them before doing so.

Braces and Artificial Limbs:

There are two basic types of leg braces.  One is a brace for the ankle, which does not extend above the knee and keeps the wearer from dragging the toe.  The other type, the knee brace, may be worn for the ankle and/or the knee and extend almost to the hip.  It is designed to keep the wearer’s knee locked for standing and walking.

Passengers with braces will need more room to maneuver while trying to sit or stand.  Brace wearers may also have a problem with balance.

Passengers with an arm prosthesis, or artificial arm, do not usually have a mobility problem because of the prosthesis.   However, they may have problems paying fares, fastening seat belts and holding on or maintaining balance.

Passengers with artificial legs will have mobility that is dependent on the level of amputation.  For example, an amputee with one or both legs off below the knee generally will have few problems in walking with properly fitted prosthesis.  Amputees with legs missing above the knee may require hand rails when walking.  They will also be slower using stairs or ramps.  An important point to remember about customers with artificial legs is that their ability to walk diminishes with the aging process.

Remember also; amputees are missing some of the skin area through which the body dissipates heat.  Accordingly, they may experience problems staying cool in hot weather.

Wheelchair/Mobility Device Loading and Securement:

Drivers are required to assist riders on and off the wheelchair lift/ramp and to secure the wheelchairs.  When transporting passengers who use wheelchairs or other wheeled mobility devices, there are several points of information and guidelines a Driver should know.  They are:

Stop on level ground with room for the lift or ramp to deploy, put the vehicle in park, set the parking brake, and turn on the four-way flashers.
Always check the grips on the push handles.  They should not be loose; you could lose control of the chair.
Always treat the wheelchair as if the brakes didn’t function at all.
Any time wheelchair passengers attempt to stand, sit or transfer, the wheelchair should be prevented from moving or tipping by some means in addition to the brakes.
Never lift a wheelchair by its wheels.  Lifting the chair by the wheels will cause it to spin and eject the occupant or damage the chair itself.
Do not restrain the wheelchair and its occupant with the same belt.  By using the same belt, you could bring the full weight of the chair against the passenger in an emergency stop or accident and cause serious or fatal injuries to the occupant.
Wheelchair users, like the other passenger, are required to wear safety belts during the trip.  The only exception to this is if the passenger has a “State Certification of Exemption” that is presented to the Driver.  This needs to be presented each time a passenger is initially boarded for a trip.  It is not needed to be presented each time a passenger boards the vehicle during the day.  These will not be kept on file in The Loop Morrow County Transportation Office; it is the responsibility of the passenger to bring it on each trip.
While in transit, brakes must be locked.  Power chairs will have power off and clutches engaged.
While on the lift platform, power chair clutches will be disengaged and brakes set.
Scooter riders are encouraged (but not required) to transfer to a seat and wear seat belts.  Scooter must be secured by the Driver.

If a passenger chooses to remain on the scooter, the scooter will be secured facing forward (unless the vehicle is equipped with side-facing tie-downs.
If possible, and with the passenger’s approval, the steering tiller on scooters will be tilted forward.

Whenever possible, place yourself on the downhill side of the chair when going up or down curbs, steps, and ramps.  This will minimize the risk of losing control of the passenger and the chair.
Wear shoes with anti-slip soles to avoid any chance of slipping or falling and losing control of the chair.
Before moving the chair up or down a vehicle ramp, make sure the ramp is securely attached to the vehicle.
When boarding a wheelchair passenger on a lift, make sure:

Access to the lift is clear.
The safety rail is securely in place.
The passenger’s feet are clear of the toe-guard flap.
Make sure the mobility device brakes are set
The passenger has arms and hands in their lap.
There is sufficient room for the customer to bend the neck to clear the top of the vehicle loading doorway.  If the passenger’s neck cannot be bent, they may have to be tilted to get safely aboard the vehicle from a lift.
Passengers are boarded and then secured facing sideways or forward in the vehicle.  Facing backward is the least desirable position, and they may be more susceptible to injury in that position.
Always inform the passenger before the lift is engaged

Always secure a wheelchair if there is a passenger in it.  Also, when an empty wheelchair is stowed, make sure it is also secured from moving about, especially in an emergency braking situation or defensive maneuver.

Vehicle operators should “plan ahead” when making a passenger pickup that will involve a wheelchair or some other mobility device.  A safe “landing” should be chosen so that the lift platform will touch down parallel to the ground surface.

Passengers using wheelchairs, scooters, and other mobility devices should be encouraged to enter the lift platform backward if possible to avoid tipping the chair as the lift moves up.

Passengers who use wheelchairs, scooters, crutches, or any other mobility devices are NOT considered ambulatory, even if they may need assistance.  Ambulatory passengers are those who generally can manage themselves, even if they may need assistance at limited times.

Who Rides the Lift:

The passenger in a wheelchair must ride alone in the lift while the volunteer or escort remains on the ground.

An ambulatory passenger may be unable or have difficulty using the stairs.  On vehicles where the lift meets ADA requirements for size and for handrails, a passenger may stand on the lift.  The Driver must also stand on the lift to steady the passenger. 

LOADING AND UNLOADING THE PASSENGER

Below are several points of information and guidelines. Drivers should follow to help the passenger and themselves have a successful trip:

At each location, the Driver should assess the walkway and take note of any puddles, low spots, or other hazards which could cause trouble before or after boarding the vehicle.  Bring these to the passenger’s attention.
Upon arrival, it is helpful to ask passengers if they have their house keys and anything else they will need to successfully complete their journey, such as a grocery list or insurance papers for a doctor’s appointment.
Observe the passenger to determine whether they are feeling well.  Older people living alone may be reluctant to admit how badly they are feeling.  Your evaluation could prevent serious problems later.
Ask the passenger how you might assist them into or out of the vehicle.  Stand by, ready to assist if needed.
Help the passenger find a seat – considering when they will be exiting the vehicle.  Assist with packages and seat belts if necessary.  Always put on your emergency flashers when you park the vehicle.  This warns other drivers that you are in the area and that you are doing something different, loading or unloading passengers.  Carefully observe the area where you intend to park.  Do not park where other cars will be unable to see you and your passengers or where you will be in the way of drivers or pedestrians.  Do Not Park in a NO PARKING ZONE. 
Take care to assure the passengers have a level place to embark or disembark.

PASSENGER ILLNESS

One of the most frightening situations a Driver can face is a passenger’s sudden illness.  In these situations, the Driver can literally be forced to make a life and death decision.  The ability to act quickly under pressure and use common sense is a true test of a Driver’s professionalism.  Following are some guidelines for a Driver to follow in these situations.

Secure the vehicle
Determine the nature of the passenger illness.  Find out what’s wrong and do they need help.  Observe the condition, is the passenger conscious or breathing properly.  If possible, talk to the ill passenger; also ask the other passengers what happened.  See if anyone knows the medical history of the ill passenger and check for medical alert tags.
Life-threatening situations may require first aid.  If there is a need before the ambulance arrives, administer first-aid only if you have received the proper training.
Notify the Transportation Coordinator or Dispatcher as soon as possible. 
Keep the ill passenger as comfortable as possible while waiting for help.
Inform the other passengers of reason and probable length of the delay.
After the passenger is taken away by ambulance, contact The Loop Morrow County Transportation Coordinator or Dispatcher for determination on whether or not to finish the trip.
Be sure to obtain information for an Incident Report, including where the ambulance took the passenger.

DEFENSIVE DRIVING GUIDELINES

Defensive driving is defined as “driving to save lives, time and money, in spite of the conditions around you and the actions of others.”  This can be achieved through adherence to a variety of general rules as well as the practice of specific driving techniques.  For the Transit Driver it is much more; it covers all portions of the day, from the pre-trip inspection until the post-trip defect report is complete.

“Gets the Big Picture”:   Looks far enough ahead and behind the vehicle to be alert to hazardous situations developing.  As you drive, look for and identify potential hazards.
“Assumes The Worst Will Happen”:  Expects that situations will get out of hand and takes steps to avoid the hazards they will present.  Use your experience, knowledge, and judgment to predict what will happen next.
“Avoid The Conditions”:  Takes every reasonable precaution to avoid the circumstances that might lead to an accident.  Professional Drivers take defensive action, NOT emergency action, to avoid accidents.
“Stays Physically Fit”: Is prepared mentally and physically to operate the vehicle.  As a Driver, it is important to recognize that driving can be inhibited by physical and emotional conditions.  Your reaction time will be substantially reduced by fatigue or other reasons, so a healthy diet and sufficient rest are essential. 
Practices Patience:  Does not let the mistakes of unsafe or rude practices of others affect his or her patient, professional approach.

PREPARING THE VEHICLE FOR SERVICE

To prevent breakdowns and accidents, all of The Loop Morrow County Transportation Drivers MUST perform a thorough Pre-Trip Inspection each time a The Loop Morrow County Transportation vehicle is put into service for the day and a Post-Trip Inspection after the trip.  The vehicle inspection is one of the important safety elements under a Driver’s control.  The Loop Morrow County Transportation vehicles carry a Pre-Trip Inspection Form and a Post-Trip Inspection Form (which includes the mechanical defect portion) to be used for this purpose.  (See sample forms in the back of this manual).  Do not board passengers until the vehicle and the accessibility equipment have passed the pre-trip inspection. 

A vehicle with a safety-related defect should never be put into operation.  If any issues are found with a vehicle during the pre-trip inspection, notify The Loop Morrow County Transportation Coordinator or the Dispatcher immediately so arrangements can be made for another vehicle.  Do not use the vehicle that has the defect.

MECHANICAL PROBLEMS OR BODY DAMAGE

Generally, it is the responsibility of the Driver to find assistance in the case of a The Loop Morrow County Transportation vehicle breakdown during a trip.  This can be done by first trying to contact the Transportation Coordinator or Dispatcher at 1-844-676-5667.  All mechanical defects and/or fresh body damage must be reported to the Transportation Coordinator using the Mechanical Defect/Body Damage Report.  There will be a copy of this available in the vehicle.  (See Mechanical Defect/Body Damage Report in the back of the manual).   An Accident/Incident Report must also be filled out if you were the one who caused the problem or body damage or it happened during a trip and was not a vehicle accident.  Call the Transportation Coordinator or Dispatcher as soon as possible to let them know of the mechanical problem or damage.

Vehicle Maintenance Policy and Procedures

It is The Loop Morrow County Transportation’s policy to maintain vehicles and equipment in order to provide safe, comfortable, and reliable transportation to our passengers and efficient service to the community. The Loop Morrow County Transportation Vehicle Maintenance Policy can be viewed at The Loop Morrow County Transportation Office or a copy requested by calling The Loop Morrow County Transportation Office at 1-844-676-5667, TTY 1-800-235-2900.  The Transportation Coordinator will schedule vehicle maintenance, emergency, and preventive maintenance.

Trading Vehicles On The Road DUE TO Breakdown Or Accident

If a vehicle breaks down or is involved in a disabling accident and another vehicle is brought out as a replacement, the Driver who accepts the new vehicle for service is responsible for making sure that the new vehicle is safe to operate.  You will need to do a Pre-Trip Inspection on your replacement vehicle.

TRAFFIC LAWS

All vehicle operators must be familiar with and are held responsible for adherence to state and local traffic laws and regulations.

SPEED LIMITS

It is important for The Loop Morrow County Transportation Drivers to drive no faster than the speed limit for the road and conditions of the road.  Below are the speed limits set by Oregon State Statutes and the Oregon Basic Speed Rule from the Oregon DMV Driver Manual.

State statutes give Oregon motorists the following speed zone standards:

15 mph-alleys, narrow residential roadways
20 mph-business districts, school zones
25 mph-residential districts, public parks, ocean shores
55 mph-open and rural highways (all vehicles); trucks, school buses, worker transport buses on interstate highways
Interstate highways as posted

Posted speeds override these statutory standards.

Oregon Basic Speed Rule

All travel on public streets and highways is subject to the Basic Speed Rule. The Basic Speed Rule states that a motorist must drive at a speed that is reasonable and prudent at all times by considering other traffic, road and weather conditions, dangers at intersections, and any other conditions that affect safety and speed. In other words, Drivers are expected to use good judgment in selecting their speed.

The Basic Speed Rule does not authorize a Driver to exceed the posted speed. If a motorist is charged with violation of the basic speed rule, the posted speed becomes the primary evidence that he/she exceeded the Basic Speed Rule. In this case, it would be up to the motorist to prove that he/she was driving in a reasonable and prudent manner for the conditions.

A person can also drive below the posted speed and violate the Basic Speed Rule. For instance, if there is ice or snow on the roadway, a Driver can be traveling less than the speed posted and still be traveling faster than is reasonable and prudent for the conditions.

RAILROAD CROSSINGS

Railroad crossings have pavement markings that include a large “X,” the letters “RR,” a no-passing zone, and a stop line.  Railroad crossing collisions should not happen.  When they do, it usually means the Driver is not paying attention to signs, pavement markings, and other warning devices.  Trains move much faster than they appear.  Do not try to cross the tracks unless you can get in the clear on the other side well ahead of the train’s arrival at the crossing.  Do not try to beat the train.  Never stop on tracks, even for a few moments

Signs and signals are used to mark railroad crossings.  When you see one of them, slow down, look and listen because you may have to stop.  Remember:  Trains are large and heavy and cannot stop quickly.

Stop before railroad tracks when:

Flashing red lights are activated.
A crossing gate is lowered.
A flagger signals you to stop.
A train is clearly visible or is so close to the crossing that it would be hazardous for you to try to cross.
A stop sign is posted, even if you do not see a train coming.

When required to stop, do so at the clearly marked stop line.  If there is no stop line, stop at least 15 feet from the nearest rail.  After stopping, do not start across the tracks until you are sure you can do so safely.  Some vehicles, such as school buses or trucks carrying hazardous materials, must stop at all railroad crossings.  If you are following this type of vehicle, be prepared to stop.

TURNING MOVEMENTS

The appropriate turn signal SHOULD be activated no less than 100 feet from the corner before turning.  Turns must be made as close to the curb as possible to prevent other vehicles from getting between the vehicle and the curb.  Mirrors must be checked constantly throughout the turn.

When waiting in a left turn lane, vehicle wheels should not be turned to the left until traffic is clear and the vehicle is moving.

All turns should be made slowly and smoothly so as not to cause discomfort or hazards to passengers.

PARKING THE VEHICLE

When parking the vehicle:

Turn wheel into the curb as if on an incline
Set brakes
Shift into park

For vehicles with side lifts or ramps, a Driver must leave sufficient space between the curb and the vehicle to board or disembark passengers.  For vehicles with a rear lift, the Driver will need sufficient clearance behind the vehicle to safely maneuver passengers in wheelchairs onto the lift, also ensuring that the toe-guard flap works properly.

When parking a vehicle at the end of the day after completions of the trip:

Shut down lights, A/C, heaters, and engine
Make sure the vehicle is clean and ready to use for the next Driver
Complete required paperwork
Take valuables off van and lock all doors

FOLLOWING DISTANCE

Vehicle operators must practice the “4-Second Following Distance Rule” when driving a The Loop Morrow County Transportation van.  This means that as the vehicle ahead passes a fixed object (post, road sign, overpass, etc.), the Driver should be able to count “1001, 1002, 1003, 1004” before he/she passes the same object under “ideal” conditions.  Ideal conditions include properly adjusted brakes, daylight, dry pavement, and a Driver who is rested and is in good physical condition.  There are situations, such as those listed below, when you need even more space between your vehicle and the one in front of you.  In all of these situations, you should increase your following distance:

On wet or slippery roads
When the Driver behind you wants to pass
When following bicycles or motorcycles
When following Drivers who cannot see you
When approaching railroad crossings
When it is hard to see in bad weather or darkness
When following emergency vehicles
When stopped on a hill in case the vehicle in front of you rolls backward

BACKING A VEHICLE

Drivers should plan stops and parking so as to avoid backing whenever possible.  Backing accidents are the most common kind of property damage in community transportation programs.  Using a “spotter” to help with backing is acceptable and practical, but the control and responsibility for the safety of the vehicle and passengers remain with the Driver, not the spotter.

If no spotter is available to assist with backing:

Walk around the vehicle, especially after long stops
Use horn (make a racket when you back-it)
Back with your foot over the brake, not the accelerator
Back towards the driver’s side for better vision
Back only as much as is necessary
Plan ahead next time to avoid backing

SURVEYING THE ROAD AHEAD

Drivers are to “survey the road ahead and behind the vehicle” for possible hazards or conditions that may cause an accident or some emergency condition.  The greater the speed of the vehicle, the farther ahead and behind the operator must plan.

STOPPING DISTANCES

You need to know how long it takes to stop any vehicle you drive.  Stopping distance can depend on road and weather conditions, the speed you are traveling, the weight of your vehicle, your reaction time, and the braking ability of your vehicle.  Buses cannot stop as quickly as vans.  Give them more stopping distance.

On average, how long does it take to STOP?

Traveling at 20 mph

64 feet to stop

Traveling at 40 mph

170 feet to stop

Traveling at 55 mph

275 feet to stop

Traveling at 65 mph

359 feet to stop

MIRROR USAGE

All mirrors should be properly adjusted and easily seen from a normal driving position by the Driver.  Mirrors should be checked every 6 – 10 seconds when driving.  When pulling from a stop or changing lanes, a vehicle operator should also look over the appropriate shoulder to help eliminate “blind spots” that mirrors cannot pickup.

INTERSECTIONS

More than 40% of all accidents happen at intersections.  Vehicle operators must take extra precautions at each intersection, whether or not it is controlled by signals or stop signs.  Professional Drivers never assume that other Drivers will stop at signals or stop signs.  They assume that they will not do so and prepare to avoid collisions when such a mistake occurs.

STARTS AND STOPS

Vehicle operators should practice smooth acceleration and stops for the safety and comfort of their passengers.

ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM (ABS)

Some of the transportation vehicles are equipped with ABS. ABS helps avoid wheel lock-up and maintain control; it does not mean you will be able to stop faster.  When you drive a vehicle with ABS you should brake as you always have.  In other words, use only the braking force necessary to stop safely and stay in control.  If the ABS system is not working, you still have normal brake functions so drive and brake as you always have.

DRIVING WITH LIGHTS ON DURING DAYLIGHT HOURS

All vehicles shall be driven with headlights on during all hours of operation.  Driving with your lights on during the day helps contrast your vehicle against buildings and other terrain features. Diminished visibility, especially throughout the winter, results when there is little contrast between the color of a vehicle and its background, such as a lightly colored car against the snow.  See and be seen is our motto!

STANDARD OPERATING EQUIPMENT

Vehicle operators are responsible for ensuring that the following equipment is on board The Loop Morrow County Transportation vehicles for each trip:

Fire extinguisher
First Aid box
Body Fluid clean-up kit
Chains in winter
Flares or reflective triangles
Flashlight

INCLEMENT WEATHER OPERATING POLICY

In order to establish criteria for determining operations during inclement weather, the program will consider the following factors:

Weather & Road Information
Judgment and involvement of Drivers
Physical condition of passengers and trip purposes

The decision to cancel service will be made by the Transportation Coordinator or, in his or her absence, the Dispatcher.  Drivers also have the authority to cancel their trips if the Transportation Coordinator or Dispatch cannot be reached and the Driver feels the driving conditions may be or turn hazardous.  Attempts will be made to notify all passengers of cancellations as soon as possible after the decision to cancel is made.  No round trip passenger will be left at his/her destination. 

SNOW AND ICE DRIVING PROCEDURES

Drivers are responsible for recognizing when slick or icy roads are a problem.  Snow and icy road conditions require vehicle operators to take more care and time in accelerating and braking.  Spinning or skidding wheels on snow or ice reduces traction dramatically. 

Bridges and overpasses are the most dangerous parts of the road in the winter. They are the first to freeze and the last to thaw because they’re built of concrete, which doesn’t retain as much heat as other materials. There is no land beneath the structure to provide warmth, and wind passes both above and below bridges, keeping them chilled. To be safe, when driving on roads that may be icy, remember the following:

Turn off your cruise control, be alert and drive cautiously.
Roads that are wet or have fresh snow, packed snow, or ice have varying degrees of traction. Adjust your speed to match road conditions.
Increase your distance from vehicles in front of you. Allow about three times as much space as usual.
If your vehicle suddenly feels like it’s floating, gradually slow down. Don’t slam on your brakes.
Changes in elevation can drastically affect road and weather conditions. Watch for icy spots, especially in shaded corners.
Avoid driving through snowdrifts — they may cause your vehicle to spin out of control.
Blowing powder or dry snow can limit your visibility, especially when approaching or following trucks or snowplows. Keep your distances to avoid being blinded by blowing snow.

After a storm has passed, you should remain cautious, especially on bridges and overpasses. Maintenance crews will be out to clear roads as soon as possible, but the snow and ice may not melt right away.

When approaching passengers, ensure the vehicle does not slide off the crown of the road and into the passengers.  If passengers attempt to walk out into the street to meet the vehicle as it slowly comes into the stop, sound the horn and wave them back as vehicles often lose traction near curbs and can slide into people who have stepped into the street.

If skidding occurs, turn the steering wheel in the direction of the skid.  This means that if the rear of the vehicle is skidding to the right, the steering wheel is turned to the right to recover.

Keep a safe distance from plows and sanders.   In a contest between a snowplow and any other vehicle, the laws of physics virtually guarantee the snowplow will win.

Drivers who try to pass on the right when a snowplow is in operation run the risk of damaging our vehicles, hitting the snowplow, or running off the road and into a snow bank or guardrail.

It is illegal to pass a snowplow on the right on state highways. On most Oregon highways, snowplows have “wing” plows that stick out more than eight feet from the right front edge of the truck. The snow being plowed or blown off the road can contain rocks and other debris that can damage vehicles.

Trying to pass a plow on the left also has its problems. The road behind the snowplow is in much better condition than the road ahead.  Drivers should give winter maintenance vehicles such as plows and sanders a wide berth. They do not travel at high speeds, and other vehicles quickly overtake them. Plows and sanding trucks pull over periodically to let traffic pass. The best advice is to stay at least three car lengths behind and give yourself more time to get where you are going.

And remember, in winter driving clean headlights, taillights, and brake lights often.

DRIVING IN THE RAIN AND/OR STANDING WATER

Rain can create dangerous driving conditions: reduced visibility, reduced traction between tires and the road, and less predictable vehicle handling. When it’s raining, be cautious and give yourself more time to get where you are going. See that the wipers are functioning correctly. Also, remember to:

Slow down, especially through high water. Driving through several inches of water at high speed can cause you to lose control of the car; it could also splash water into the engine and stall it. Lowering your speed helps you prepare for sudden stops caused by disabled cars, debris, and other wet-weather hazards.
If it hasn’t rained in a while, expect road surfaces to be slick when it does start raining. Engine oil and grease build up on the road over time. When mixed with water from rain, the road can become slick. The first few hours of fresh rain can be the most dangerous.
Turn on your headlights to improve visibility. Disengage your cruise control.
Keep your distance. A vehicle needs two to three times more stopping distance on wet roads.

Check your brakes. After driving through a puddle, check that brakes are working properly by tapping them gently a few times.

Watch for hydroplaning.  Hydroplaning occurs when your front tires ride on a film of water. It can occur at speeds as low as 35 miles per hour. If you hydroplane, ease off the gas, gently apply the brakes and steer straight ahead.

LOW VISIBILITY/NIGHT DRIVING

A Driver is at greater risk when driving at night since lighting, glare, and other factors increase hazard recognition time as well as Driver reaction time.  Night driving is more difficult because visibility is reduced. However, low visibility conditions often occur during the day, caused by heavy snowfall, downpours, thick fog, and blowing dust or smoke. Follow these safety tips for driving in low visibility conditions:

Slow down. Disengage your cruise control. Most accidents occur because the Driver is going too fast for the weather conditions.
Try using the low beams. High beams will disperse in thick fog or snow, making visibility worse for you and other Drivers.
Turn on your rear fog lamps if your vehicle is equipped. They greatly aid visibility for Drivers approaching from the rear.
Watch for emergency stops by other vehicles; watch for slow-moving and parked vehicles.
Avoid entering an area if you cannot see a safe distance ahead.
If you suddenly encounter a severe loss of visibility, pull off the pavement as far as possible. Stop, turn off your lights, set the emergency brake, and take your foot off the brake to be sure the taillights are not illuminated. Turn on your emergency flashers.
If you can't pull off the roadway, slow down, turn on your low beam headlights and sound the horn occasionally. Use the white fog line or roadside reflectors if necessary to help guide you.
Never stop in the travel lanes.

During low visibility or night driving a vehicle’s turn signals and brake lights are even more important for communicating with other Drivers.  Drivers should make sure the vehicles have clean, working turn signals, brake lights, taillights, clearance lights and reflectors.

EMERGENCY AND ACCIDENT PROCEDURES

Accident situations, no matter how minor, can be very stressful to the vehicle operator and our passengers.  There are steps a Driver must take following an accident:

REMAIN CALM:  Recognize that passengers and other Drivers expect you to take control of the situation as a professional.  Think about what needs to be done now that the accident has occurred, not who was at fault.  Think about what you are saying to people at the scene… DO NOT assign blame or take responsibility for the accident.  Do not argue or make statements except to proper authorities.  Cooperate with law enforcement.  Sign nothing except official police reports.
PROTECT AND SECURE YOURSELF AND PASSENGERS:  Secure passengers in such a way that no further injury or discomfort can occur to them.  Reassure them that help is on the way.

Make passengers comfortable but do not try to move obviously injured persons as the movement might further complicate the injury.  Take a count of your passengers.  In shock, some people will wander away from the accident scene if not monitored… especially children and passengers with memory loss.

Unless there is a chance of further accident, fire, or injury, keep passengers on the vehicle.  Evacuate passengers only if there is a real chance of fire, submersion, roll-over or being struck by another vehicle.

PROTECT AND SECURE THE VEHICLE:  Make sure the vehicle is off the road if possible.  This will help to prevent another accident.  Put on your flashers.  Place warning devices at locations approximately 10 feet and 100 feet behind the vehicle and approximately 100 feet in front of the vehicle.

Get help in directing traffic around the vehicle if it is disabled in the road/street and cannot be moved.

IF PASSENGERS ARE INJURED – CALL 911:  Call emergency services and describe location accurately.  Describe the vehicle and passenger conditions.  If it is not possible for the Driver to make a request for assistance by phone for reasons of personal injuries, passenger safety, or other reasons, the Driver will designate an individual on the accident scene to use the nearest phone to make the call or flag down a vehicle.

If a qualified person is at the crash and helping the injured, stay out of the way unless asked to assist.  Otherwise, do the best you can to help any injured passengers.  Here are some simple steps to follow in giving assistance:

Don’t move a severely injured person unless the danger of fire or traffic makes it necessary
Stop heavy bleeding by applying direct pressure to the wound
Keep the injured person warm

CALL TRANSPORTATION COORDINATOR:  If the Transportation Coordinator is not available, contact the Dispatcher.  Describe the location accurately.  Describe the vehicle and passenger conditions and determine if a replacement vehicle is needed.
COLLECT INFORMATION:  Use the Accident Envelope to collect information about the accident.  Hand out a program information card to other Drivers and persons hurt in the accident.

Distribute courtesy cards to passengers and people on the street who might have seen the accident.  Collect all courtesy cards and check for legibility.  Help fill out courtesy cards for those who are willing to do so but cannot due to a disability.

SIGN NOTHING – ADMIT NO LIABILITY: Statements about any vehicle defects are not to be made.  Do not discuss fault with anyone at the accident scene.
COMPLETE ACCIDENT REPORTS:  Complete all required report documentation as soon as possible and as the law and transportation program requires.  See The Loop Morrow County Transportation Accident Report Form in the back of the manual; these are available in each vehicle's binder.  The Oregon Traffic Accident and Insurance Report (Form 735-32) will need to be obtained at the nearest DMV Office.

Oregon law requires the driver to file an Oregon Traffic Accident and Insurance Report (Form 735-32) with DMV within 72 hours when:

Damage to The Vehicle The Loop Morrow County Transportation Driver Was Driving Is Over $1,500;
Damage Any to Any Person’s Property Other Than a Vehicle Is Over $1,500;
Damage to Any Vehicle Is Greater Than $1,500 And Any Vehicle Is Towed from The Scene Due to Damage from The Crash
There Is Injury or Death Resulting from The Crash

The Driver MUST file this report within 72 hours.  If the report of the crash is not filed when required to do so, it will mean suspension of driving privileges with the State of Oregon. The Loop Morrow County Transportation Coordinator can provide you with the form, or it can be picked up at any DMV Office.  See The Loop Morrow County Transportation Vehicle Accident Reporting Procedure Policy in the back of this manual.

FIRE

Vehicle fires pose an extremely high risk to the life/safety of Drivers and passengers.  At the first sign of fire:

Pull to the side of the road
Shut off all electrical power
Evacuate passengers in a calm manner, explain what is happening.  Direct them or assign another passenger to lead them to a “safe place” after the evacuation
Move passengers away from the vehicle, especially tires
NEVER open up the hood or engine compartment if smoke or fire is present
Use fire extinguisher only if you are certain that what you are doing is safe. Position yourself upwind of the fire and remain as far away from the flames as possible, letting any winds carry the retardant toward the fire source.  Aim at the base of the fire, not the flames; if you are unsure about anything, do not attempt to put out the fire, join the passengers in a safe area and wait for emergency responders.
Immediately call The Loop Morrow County Transportation Coordinator or Dispatcher who will make arrangements for transportation of passengers and Driver.  Do not attempt to drive a vehicle that has had a fire, no matter how small.

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

In some accidents or emergencies, a Driver will be required to evacuate the vehicle.  This can be a very stressful situation, so it is important that the Driver is familiar with the process.  DO NOT evacuate the vehicle unless it is vital.  Evacuate the vehicle if any of the following conditions exist:

The Vehicle Is in A Dangerous Location and Cannot Be Moved
The Is Fire or Smoke Coming from or Underneath the Vehicle
Fuel Is Leaking
You See a Security Threat Such as A Suspicious Package, Suspicious Substance or an Explosive Device
Any Other Conditions That Would Make It Safer for The Passengers to Evacuate the Vehicle

If the decision to evacuate is made, speed is a factor, especially if there is the threat of fire.  Assess the condition of escape routes and identify possible safety zones outside the vehicle.  If it is necessary to evacuate through exit windows or roof hatches, a Driver will need help inside and outside the vehicle. The following are steps to take during evacuation:

Assess The Condition of Passengers to Be Evacuated and What Assistance Will Be Required
Calmly Tell the Passengers What You Are Going to Do and Tell Them Which Exits to Use
Tell The Passengers Where You Want Them to Wait and Stress That They Must Assemble in A Safe Location Well Away from The Vehicle and Clear of Traffic Hazards
Ask for Assistance from Ambulatory Passengers in Evacuating Passengers Who Are Injured or Disabled
Evacuate All Ambulatory Passengers First, Except Those That Have Agreed to Help in The Evacuation of Non-Ambulatory Passengers
Ensure That All Passengers Assemble in A Safe Location

When evacuating non-ambulatory or wheelchair passengers:

Release Passengers from Restraints or Seat Belts by Unbuckling or Cutting
If The Wheelchair Lift Door Works, Use The Wheelchair Lift, If It Is Operable-The Lift Can Be Operated Manually If There Is No Power
The Lift Can Also Be Used as A Step, For Both Ambulatory and Non-Ambulatory, By Lowering It Halfway Down

If a Driver must resort to drag and carry techniques to evacuate passengers:

Slide Wheelchair Passengers Out of Their Chairs or Injured Passengers Out of Their Seats and On to A Blanket If Available
Grab Corners of Drag Blankets and Drag or Carry the Passenger Down the Aisle and Out the Door or Emergency Exit
If A Drag Blanket Is Not Available, Grasp The Passenger Under Their Arms and Gently Pull to Safety

When everyone is evacuated and accounted for, remain in a safe location and wait for emergency responders.  Be sure to keep a head count of the passengers to make sure one does not wander away.

PROTOCOL FOR BLOOD-BORNE DISEASE CONTROL

Blood-borne infections, including Hepatitis B and HIV, are generally of little concern because they require exposure to an infected person’s mucous membrane tissue, bodily fluids, or blood.  This exposure must be direct to a receiver’s mucous membranes or blood, such as through an open cut or wound.  The following precautions are recommended to reduce the risks of contacting or spreading blood-borne diseases.

Ask any passengers near the biohazard to move away
Avoid touching, stepping in, or splattering the spill
Locate the biohazard kit on the vehicle
Put on the gloves found in the biohazard kit
If blood splattering is likely to protect eyes, mouth, and other mucosal surfaces
Cover the spill with the disinfectant found in the kit
Avoid any contact with objects that have been contaminated with blood (scissors, knives, needles, etc.)
If the skin does become contaminated with blood, the area should be thoroughly washed with soap and water as soon as possible
When removing used gloves, avoid contact with the contaminated outer surface by peeling the gloves off inside out and place all clean-up materials, including gloves, in the biohazard bag and seal.
Thoroughly wash hands with soap and hot running water as soon as possible.  If soap and water are not readily available, use disinfectant or hand sanitizer until you can get to a location with soap and hot running water.
Complete required Incident Report documentation.
Notify the Transportation Coordinator that gloves and bag have been used and need restocking.  Get contaminated items to the Transportation Coordinator/Dispatch or Medical Clinic for proper disposal.
Fill out The Loop Morrow County Transportation Incident Report Form as soon as possible.  See a copy of the form at the back of the manual.  Incident Report Forms are in all The Loop Morrow County Transportation vehicles.

ACCIDENT REPORTING GUIDELINES

Any and all vehicular accidents or claims of bodily injury, no matter how slight, must be reported immediately to the Transportation Coordinator.  Do not wait for her to read it on a Trip Sheet or PRE/POST Trip Inspection sheet.  CALL IMMEDIATELY!
The Transportation Coordinator will advise vehicle operators as to what Accident or Incident Report Forms need to be filled out.
Generally, Drivers will be required to fill out a The Loop Morrow County Transportation Accident or Incident Report Form no matter how slight the damage or how small the incident.  All accident or incident reports must be turned in within 24 hours of the accident. The Loop Morrow County Transportation Coordinator or, in her absence, Dispatcher needs to be contacted immediately; do not wait the 24 hours.
All accident reports will be reviewed for clarity and accuracy by the Transportation Coordinator, and a permanent accident file will be established whether or not a claim actually arises from the accident/incident.  See examples of The Loop Morrow County Transportation Accident and Incident Report Forms in the back of this manual.

ACCIDENT JUDGING

All accidents or incidents and claims will be reviewed by the Transportation Coordinator to determine whether or not they were preventable by the vehicle operator.

In each case preventability will be judged on the statement:  Did our Driver do everything reasonably possible to avoid the circumstances that led to the accident?

PREVENTABLE ACCIDENTS/INCIDENTS AND RETRAINING

Vehicle operators who have a preventable accident will be contacted by the Transportation Coordinator who will recommend necessary corrective action.  Any preventable accident which has been caused by a reckless disregard for traffic laws and/or established safety procedures can result in immediate termination of driving with The Loop Morrow County Transportation program.

COMMUNITY EMERGENCIES

With the impacts of recent natural disasters, fires, HAZmat spills and terrorist activity, transportation systems have become increasingly important to the community emergency management systems.  The Loop Morrow County Transportation Drivers may be asked to help evacuate residents, or transport first responders.  If involved in a community emergency:

Follow instructions provided by The Loop Morrow County Transportation Coordinator, Dispatcher and the Emergency Staging Area Manager
Avoid risks that place the Driver, passengers and the vehicle at significant risk
Keep an eye on fuel and fluid levels
Periodically check tire pressure and watch for wear that could result in tire failure
Take care of yourself by resting and eating when possible
If fatigue becomes a problem, notify the Transportation Coordinator or Dispatcher.

PANDEMIC EMERGENCIES

The Loop will comply with whichever emergency support function the governor uses to carry out each process applicable to the emergency. Some state agencies may call upon their federal counterparts to provide additional support and resources following established procedures and policies for each agency. The Loop may be asked to help evacuate or transport first responders.

COMMENTS/COMPLAINTS

All comments/complaints are to be handled professionally.  It is essential to be courteous even if the Driver is unable to solve the complaint.  Our Drivers are representatives of The Loop Morrow County Transportation.  Politely ensure the passenger that their comments or complaints will be documented and forwarded to the proper person.  The passenger can be asked if they would like a The Loop Morrow County Transportation Complaint Form to fill out.  The Complaint Forms are available in each The Loop Morrow County Transportation vehicle.  An example of The Loop Morrow County Transportation Complaint Form is in the back of this manual.